MPLS enhances QoS by allowing traffic to be prioritized based on labels, ensuring that important traffic is delivered efficiently and with minimal delay. Simplified topology (a) and reduced bandwidth consumption (b) are not primary benefits of MPLS, while increased hardware requirements (d) is not a benefit but rather a potential drawback.

Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN) is commonly used in hub-and-spoke WAN topologies to create scalable and manageable multipoint connections using technologies like GRE tunnels and NHRP. OSPF, BGP, and EIGRP are routing protocols but do not provide the same level of multipoint connectivity management as DMVPN.

Application-aware routing in SD-WAN dynamically chooses the best path for application traffic based on current network conditions, improving performance and reliability. Static routing does not adapt to real-time conditions, and MPLS tunneling is unrelated to dynamic path selection.

vManage is the central component in Cisco SD-WAN architecture responsible for management, monitoring, and configuration of the SD-WAN environment. It does not enforce security policies, select paths, or encrypt data directly.

sing more access points with lower power settings helps to cover the area adequately while reducing interference and overlap between access points. Increasing transmit power can lead to more interference, and reducing the number of access points may not provide adequate coverage. Using only the 5GHz band limits the spectrum availability.

For VoIP applications, a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is crucial to ensure clear and reliable voice communication. Channel bonding and maximum throughput are less critical compared to SNR, and network segmentation, while important, is not directly related to the quality of VoIP calls.

IPsec VPN provides secure, encrypted communication over the internet, making it a suitable solution for connecting branch offices to the main office. DIA does not inherently provide security, MPLS VPN can be more costly and complex, and Frame Relay is outdated technology.

QoS policies must be properly configured in an SD-WAN setup to maintain application performance and prioritize critical traffic. Maintaining current hardware and upgrading firmware are important but secondary to proper QoS configuration. Disabling redundant links is not recommended as redundancy is often critical during transitions.

A hierarchical network design organizes a network into layers, simplifying troubleshooting by localizing problems to specific layers.

BGP is preferred in large enterprise networks for its scalability and control over routing policies, especially for inter-domain routing.

MPLS allows for traffic engineering and QoS, providing better control over data flows and prioritization of critical applications.

In a hub-and-spoke topology, all traffic between spokes must pass through the hub, limiting direct communication and increasing latency.

Application-aware routing enables SD-WAN to choose the best path for traffic based on real-time network performance metrics and application requirements.

SD-WAN centralizes management and provides orchestration capabilities, simplifying network configuration and policy enforcement across the WAN.

A hierarchical network design simplifies the expansion of the network by structuring it in layers (core, distribution, and access), thus enhancing scalability.

The distribution layer aggregates data received from access layer switches before it is transmitted to the core layer and handles inter-VLAN routing and filtering.

The core layer provides high-speed and efficient data transport across the network backbone, minimizing latency and providing redundancy.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol commonly used in WANs due to its ability to efficiently determine the shortest path for data transmission.

A mesh topology offers the highest redundancy and reliability by ensuring that each node is connected to every other node, allowing multiple paths for data.

SD-WAN simplifies network management through centralized control, improving efficiency, and reducing the need for on-site management.

Load balancing in SD-WAN distributes network traffic across multiple WAN links to optimize the performance and reliability of critical applications.

Proper placement of access points is essential to ensure adequate coverage and strong signal strength throughout the WLAN.

A site survey helps identify the best locations for access points to ensure maximum coverage and performance of the WLAN.

A mesh topology provides high availability and redundancy by connecting each node to multiple other nodes, minimizing the risk of a single point of failure.

SD-WAN with built-in encryption enhances security by encrypting data across the WAN, protecting it from unauthorized access and breaches.

Adding more access points can help cover the areas with weak signals, ensuring comprehensive wireless coverage throughout the office.

SD-WAN offers centralized management, making it easier to monitor and control the network from a single location, which is beneficial for branch office connections.

Proper placement of access points and careful channel selection are crucial to avoid interference and ensure seamless wireless coverage in large areas.

SSH (Secure Shell) provides encrypted, secure remote management of network devices, making it preferable over unencrypted protocols like Telnet.

VLANs enhance security and network segmentation by isolating different network segments, which can reduce broadcast traffic and limit access to sensitive data.